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BP15 - Enhance precipitation

Code
SF02
Sector
Forest
Year of Issue
2025
Summary

Headwater catchments are the source areas of rivers and streams and are critical for maintaining the structure, function, productivity and complexity of downstream ecosystems. They are vital to hydrologic cycle as they are one of the main areas where precipitation contributes to surface and groundwater. Headwaters are typically...

Before and after afforestation (TU)

Source: Kutorman 2012

Forest cover in upstream headwaters (BE)

Source: OPTAIN project

Possible benefits with level
Benefits Level
BP1 - Store runoff
High
BP2 - Slow runoff
High
BP5 - Increase evapotranspiration
High
BP6 - Increase infiltration and/or groundwater recharge
High
BP7 - Increase soil water retention
High
BP8 - Reduce pollutant sources
High
BP9 - Intercept pollution pathways
High
BP10 - Reduce erosion and/or sediment delivery
High
BP11 - Improve soils
Medium
BP12 - Create aquatic habitat
Medium
BP13 - Create riparian habitat
Medium
BP14 - Create terrestrial habitats
High
BP15 - Enhance precipitation
Low
BP16 - Reduce peak temperature
Medium
BP17 - Absorb and/or retain CO2
High
ES1 - Water storage
High
ES2 - Fish stocks and recruiting
Low
ES3 - Natural biomass production
High
ES4 - Biodiversity preservation
Medium
ES5 - Climate change adaptation and mitigation
High
ES6 - Groundwater/aquifer recharge
High
ES7 - Flood risk reduction
High
ES8 - Erosion/sediment control
High
ES9 - Filtration of pollutants
High
ES10 - Recreational opportunities
High
ES11 - Aesthetic/cultural value
High
PO1 - Improving status of biology quality elements
Low
PO2 - Improving status of physico-chemical quality elements
Low
PO3 - Improving status of hydromorphology quality elements
Low
PO4 - Improving chemical status and priority substances
Low
PO5 - Improving quantitative status
Medium
PO6 - Improving chemical status
Medium
PO7 - Prevent surface water status deterioration
Medium
PO8 - Prevent groundwater status deterioration
High
PO9 - Take adequate and co-ordinated measures to reduce flood risks
High
PO10 - Protection of important habitats
High
PO11 - Better protection for ecosystems and more use of Green Infrastructure
High
PO12 - More sustainable agriculture and forestry
Medium
PO13 - Better management of fish stocks
Medium
PO14 - Prevention of biodiversity loss
High
Code
SN12
Sector
Hydro Morphology
Year of Issue
2025
The complete description of the NWRM
Summary

Ongoing climate change affects lake water quality through several mechanisms, including (1) changes in external and internal nutrient loads, (2) increased frequency of extreme events such as hurricanes, (3) temperature-induced changes in biota and biotic interactions, and (4) fluctuations in water levels.
Lakes function as important water retention systems, capable of storing water for flood control and providing water for multiple uses...

Pochina Lake after restoration (RO)
Source: Restoring Europe’s Rivers
 

Possible benefits with level
Benefits Level
BP1 - Store runoff
High
BP2 - Slow runoff
Medium
BP3 - Store river water
High
BP4 - Slow river water
Medium
BP5 - Increase evapotranspiration
Low
BP6 - Increase infiltration and/or groundwater recharge
Low
BP7 - Increase soil water retention
Low
BP9 - Intercept pollution pathways
Low
BP10 - Reduce erosion and/or sediment delivery
High
BP11 - Improve soils
Low
BP12 - Create aquatic habitat
High
BP13 - Create riparian habitat
High
ES1 - Water storage
High
ES2 - Fish stocks and recruiting
High
ES3 - Natural biomass production
High
ES4 - Biodiversity preservation
High
ES6 - Groundwater/aquifer recharge
Medium
ES7 - Flood risk reduction
Medium
ES8 - Erosion/sediment control
High
ES9 - Filtration of pollutants
Low
ES10 - Recreational opportunities
High
ES11 - Aesthetic/cultural value
High
PO1 - Improving status of biology quality elements
High
PO2 - Improving status of physico-chemical quality elements
Medium
PO3 - Improving status of hydromorphology quality elements
Medium
PO4 - Improving chemical status and priority substances
Low
PO5 - Improving quantitative status
Low
PO6 - Improving chemical status
Low
PO7 - Prevent surface water status deterioration
Medium
PO8 - Prevent groundwater status deterioration
Low
PO9 - Take adequate and co-ordinated measures to reduce flood risks
Medium
PO10 - Protection of important habitats
High
PO11 - Better protection for ecosystems and more use of Green Infrastructure
High
PO13 - Better management of fish stocks
High
PO14 - Prevention of biodiversity loss
High
Code
SN01
Sector
Hydro Morphology
Year of Issue
2025
Other sector(s)
Agriculture
Urban
Forest
Summary

Basins are areas for storage of surface runoff that are free from water under dry weather flow conditions. Basins are bodies of water designed to store surface runoff. They play a critical role in stormwater management by reducing flood risk and improving water quality. The performance of basins is highly site-dependent and often requires upstream source control to function effectively. There are three main types of basins: retention,...

Possible benefits with level
Benefits Level
BP1 - Store runoff
High
BP2 - Slow runoff
High
BP6 - Increase infiltration and/or groundwater recharge
High
BP7 - Increase soil water retention
Low
BP9 - Intercept pollution pathways
High
BP10 - Reduce erosion and/or sediment delivery
Low
BP12 - Create aquatic habitat
Low
ES1 - Water storage
High
ES5 - Climate change adaptation and mitigation
Medium
ES3 - Natural biomass production
Low
ES4 - Biodiversity preservation
Medium
ES6 - Groundwater/aquifer recharge
High
ES7 - Flood risk reduction
High
ES8 - Erosion/sediment control
Low
ES9 - Filtration of pollutants
High
ES10 - Recreational opportunities
Medium
ES11 - Aesthetic/cultural value
Medium
PO1 - Improving status of biology quality elements
Low
PO2 - Improving status of physico-chemical quality elements
Low
PO3 - Improving status of hydromorphology quality elements
Low
PO4 - Improving chemical status and priority substances
Low
PO5 - Improving quantitative status
Low
PO6 - Improving chemical status
Low
PO7 - Prevent surface water status deterioration
Medium
PO8 - Prevent groundwater status deterioration
Low
PO9 - Take adequate and co-ordinated measures to reduce flood risks
High
PO11 - Better protection for ecosystems and more use of Green Infrastructure
High
PO10 - Protection of important habitats
Medium
BP17 - Absorb and/or retain CO2
Low
PO14 - Prevention of biodiversity loss
Medium
BP16 - Reduce peak temperature
Low
BP14 - Create terrestrial habitats
Medium
BP3 - Store river water
Low
BP4 - Slow river water
Low
BP5 - Increase evapotranspiration
Low
Code
SA05
Sector
Agriculture
Year of Issue
2025
Summary

Intercropping is the practice of growing two or more crops’ species simultaneously in the same field. The most common goal of intercropping is to produce a greater yield on a given piece of land by making use of resources that would otherwise not be utilised by a single crop. Examples of intercropping strategies are planting a deep-rooted crop with a shallow-rooted crop, or planting a tall crop with a shorter crop that requires partial shade...

Field trial in Wageningen with a mixed crop of wheat and maize (NL)

Source: DiverIMPACTS project

Possible benefits with level
Benefits Level
BP2 - Slow runoff
High
BP6 - Increase infiltration and/or groundwater recharge
High
BP7 - Increase soil water retention
Low
BP10 - Reduce erosion and/or sediment delivery
High
BP11 - Improve soils
Medium
BP15 - Enhance precipitation
High
ES1 - Water storage
Low
ES4 - Biodiversity preservation
Medium
ES5 - Climate change adaptation and mitigation
Low
ES7 - Flood risk reduction
Medium
ES8 - Erosion/sediment control
Medium
ES9 - Filtration of pollutants
High
PO3 - Improving status of hydromorphology quality elements
Medium
PO7 - Prevent surface water status deterioration
Medium
PO9 - Take adequate and co-ordinated measures to reduce flood risks
High
PO11 - Better protection for ecosystems and more use of Green Infrastructure
High
PO12 - More sustainable agriculture and forestry
Medium
PO14 - Prevention of biodiversity loss
Medium