Living with beavers: Europe’s largest rodent makes an Italian comeback

The Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) has begun to naturally recolonise parts of Italy after centuries of absence, with populations currently small but expanding. Their dam-building activities enhance ecosystem functions by improving water retention, reducing erosion, and increasing biodiversity. While some human–beaver conflicts have arisen, such as minor flooding and crop damage, these are generally manageable using mitigation measures proven elsewhere in Europe. The beaver’s return highlights both the species’ ecological benefits and the need for coordinated conservation efforts, monitoring, and public awareness to ensure successful coexistence.