Off-road vehicle best management practices for forestlands: A review of scientific literature and guidance for managers

Management of off-road vehicles (ORVs) on forestlands has become increasingly challenging as various user
groups compete for a finite amount of land on which to recreate. Additionally, no uniform methods exist for managing
ORVs in forests to reduce their impacts to the environment and lessen conflicts with other user groups. The objectives of
this paper are to review recent research on the environmental and social effects of ORVs in forested landscapes, and based
upon the best available science, propose Best Management Practices (BMPs) for forestlands to help minimize ORV impacts.
We found extensive scientific literature documenting the physical and ecological effects of ORVs in forestlands, ranging from
soil compaction to non-native plant dispersal. Many species of wildlife are also affected by ORV use through direct and
indirect mortality, disturbance and cumulative loss of habitat. Conflict with non-motorized users has been documented as
well, resulting in diminished recreational experience and displacement of quiet users. The BMPs presented here for ORV
management and monitoring in forestlands should help managers provide opportunity for motorized recreation while
protecting natural resources and reducing user conflicts.