Completed

Groundwork London, with Hammersmith & Fulham Council, delivered the LIFE+ “Climate-Proofing Social Housing Landscapes” programme (2013–Sep 2016) across three estates (Queen Caroline, Cheeseman’s Terrace, and Cyril Thatcher/Eric MacDonald/Richard Knight) using affordable, light-engineering retrofits of blue-green infrastructure. The project coupled design with deep resident engagement and training for council staff and local apprentices.

Since completion, City Hall has published per-estate schemes and costs (Queen Caroline ~£254k; Cheeseman’s ~£117k; Cyril/Eric/Richard ~£79k) and a detailed measure matrix (e.g., Schotterrasen at Queen Caroline; trench tree pit at Richard Knight). Monitoring by the University of East London shows strong performance: 100% diversion of rainfall from 3,160 m² of impermeable areas into ground-level SuDS, up to 98% reduction in peak flows from pram-shed green roofs, notable roof-surface cooling during heat events, and ≈1.2 million litres of rainwater retained/diverted annually. Post-project, H&F reports continued roll-out of green roofs and SuDS across estates and highways, with mapping to target new sites. Recognition includes the Landscape Institute’s 2016 College of Fellows’ Award (plus a commendation) and susdrain’s 2018 SuDS Awards (Highly Commended).

The Alzette river restoration at “Am Brill” (Schifflange) reversed earlier channelisation that had uniformised the river and impoverished habitats. The project re-meandered the channel (+140 m length), raised and widened the bed (summer/winter profiles), and removed an artificial dyke to reconnect the river to existing ponds; a new pond was also created. Works were delivered in 2000 over ~600–700 m as part of the LIFE-Nature project “Ecological valorisation of the upper Alzette.” Reported outcomes include ≈30 cm reduction of high-water levels, ~20,000 m³ of floodplain storage, a delayed flood peak (~15 min) and shorter peak duration (42→24 min), together with improved self-purification capacity and habitat diversity. Since completion, the site has been opened to the public via a 3 km interpretive nature trail (2005), and in 2024 it was incorporated into the nationally protected “Brill – Am Pudel” reserve, confirming its long-term conservation status and management.

The Aklais Mire is a degraded raised bog located in western Latvia, within the Aklais Mire Nature Reserve, part of the Natura 2000 network. Covering approximately 2003 hectares, the site suffered significant drainage during the 20th century, which disrupted its natural hydrology and led to a decline in typical bog habitats and biodiversity.

From 2010 to 2013, Aklais was one of four sites restored under the EU-funded LIFE+ project “Restoration of Raised Bog Habitats in the Especially Protected Nature Areas of Latvia” (LIFE08 NAT/LV/000449). The project was led by the University of Latvia, with several national partners including the Nature Conservation Agency, the Latvian Fund for Nature, ELM Media, and the municipal company Rīgas meži. Restoration actions at Aklais focused primarily on blocking old drainage ditches using peat dams to raise the water table and restore natural bog hydrology. The project also involved the development of a management plan, ecological monitoring of vegetation, birds and invertebrates, and outreach activities such as exhibitions and public communication.

The goal was to enable the regeneration of active raised bog habitats and associated species, particularly *Sphagnum* mosses. Some edges of the site are adjacent to former peat extraction areas, which have further altered local conditions. By restoring hydrology, the project sought to create favourable conditions for long-term peat accumulation and biodiversity recovery.

Follow-up assessments between 2013 and 2017 showed that the rewetting actions were effective in raising the water table, but changes in vegetation composition were still limited in the short term. No significant increase in typical bog species or *Sphagnum* mosses was observed during the first years after restoration. This suggests that full ecological recovery will take longer or may require additional active interventions.

Although Aklais was not directly included in the later LIFE REstore project (2015–2019), this initiative offered valuable complementary knowledge for Latvian peatland restoration. It emphasized the importance of combining rewetting with plant reintroduction and of monitoring greenhouse gas fluxes in restored peatlands. The case of Aklais thus contributes to a broader understanding of peatland restoration dynamics in the Baltic region, highlighting both the opportunities and challenges of large-scale hydrological rehabilitation.

Water retention spaces, reforestation and grazing management in southern Portugal.
At Tamera (Monte do Cerro, Odemira), an ecovillage of 190 permanent residents and >100 non-permanent inhabitants, a “Water Retention Landscape” has been implemented since 2006 using reforestation and mixed groundcover, holistic grazing, keyline design, terracing, swales, and decentralized lakes and ponds. By 2015, 29 lakes/retention spaces expanded open water from 0.62 ha to ~8.3 ha across a 154–156 ha property; subsequent work shifted to infiltration, mulching, vegetation and dam maintenance. Reported outcomes include autonomous water supply, stabilization of groundwater levels and increased biodiversity; the lakes also supported neighbours and firefighters in drought and fire periods. A cost–benefit assessment for 2015–2050 was carried out (NPV sensitive to assumptions). Water-quality monitoring (2012–2014) found several lakes eutrophic, while distributed water met EU thresholds, underscoring the need for continued management. Legally, the site has been framed within a Rural Intervention Plan (PIER) for Monte do Cerro and Vale da Mua (156.35 ha), with public participation opened in 2015 and the process entering a decisive phase in 2023.

In 2010, the Nummela Gateway Wetland Park (2 ha) was built as both a water-quality mitigation landscape and an urban park. Early monitoring (2010–2011 spring floods) and a three-year ecological survey showed rapid self-establishment, rising biodiversity and multiple ecosystem services (erosion/flood control, pollutant reduction), alongside strong recreational and educational use. According to the project managers, EU LIFE+ “Urban Oases” began in 2012; from 2012–2016 the team deployed high-frequency, year-round monitoring and also sampled sub-catchments to separate urban vs. agricultural loads, which guided the construction of an additional upstream wetland (Nummelan Niittu). Peer-reviewed work documents seasonal nutrient-removal dynamics and highlights the creation of endangered clay-stream habitats. Today, municipal pages present both Portti and Niittu as accessible nature sites (trails, bird tower). The municipality also continues periodic lake-water monitoring in Enäjärvi under local programmes. Comparative studies (including Nummela) underscore how vegetation and design influence phosphorus removal performance.

Reconstruction of the Lepiku channel that is a part of the drainage system, which starts from the new residential area next to the Tallinn Botanic Garden and includes wetlands, detention ponds, ditches and channels and debouches into Pirita river. The aim was to improve the quality of the storm water that flows into the Pirita river. The river Pirita is a part of Natura 2000 site and flows into the Baltic Sea. The length of the reconstructed channel part is ca 195 m and the works included: widening of channel bottom in different segments, creating artificial dykes and rapids and creating suitable conditions to the aquatic plants exhibits in Botanic Garden.

This site was one of nine included in the LIFE05 project to restore priority woodland habitats in Ireland. The Durrow site lies on the floodplain of the River Erkina and had been affected by planting of non-native conifers and associated drainage. A network of shallow ditches across the site was reducing the retention time of floodwaters; to counter this, c.350 ditch-dams were installed (installation 2009, LIFE05/NAT/IRL/000182). Since then, Durrow has been confirmed as part of the River Barrow & River Nore SAC (002162), where alluvial forests (91E0*) are a qualifying interest; assessments also record calcareous “petrifying springs” (7220*) within the alluvial woodland along the Erkina floodplain, and describe Durrow as one of the largest remaining alluvial woodlands in Ireland. At catchment scale, EPA WFD characterisation shows the downstream waterbody ERKINA_050 declined from Good to Moderate status with elevated phosphate and agriculture as a significant pressure, framing ongoing risks to riparian habitats. Nationally, Coillte’s LIFE05 programme restored >550 ha of priority native woodlands across nine Natura 2000 sites (including Durrow). Locally, the Durrow Biodiversity Action Plan 2023–2028 highlights the Erkina, the Nore and associated woodlands within the SAC.

Within an Austrian LIFE Nature project, gravel banks have been established along the Danube in the Wachau, and dried site-arms have been reconnected. The measures aimed at improving biodiversity through providing spawning habitats, as well as controling erosion and run-off. As a particularity, the gravel used in the project stemmed from maintenance works for the shipping channel of the Danube. The project has been initiated and implemented by a local association (Arbeitskreis Wachau), which includes several communities.

All implemented measures of "LIFE Nature Wachau" are still operational and most of them were further optimized by additional projects.

The Sidebranch reconnections of Grimsing and Rührsdorf-Rossatz are still existent and working.

Sidebranch Grimsing was expanded upstream by a new sidebrach Schallemmersdorf and significantly lengthened in 2011 - 2013 as a result of the project LIFE+ Mostviertel Wachau (lead partner: Land NÖ, implementation: viadonau). Now the sidebranch system Schallemmersdorf – Grimsing has a length of more than 4 km in total. The connection to the main stream of Donau is still working at low water level. The sidebranch system now is an important spawning area and habitat for rheopilic fish species which are typical to the Danube. The sidebranch system and the alluvial forest enclosed by it continue to serve as flood area. Further measures to expand the sidebranch system are currently planned by municipality of Emmersdorf (implementation of a new oxbow at sidebranch Grimsing).

Sidebranch Rührsdorf- Rossatz was expanded downstream by a new sidebranch Schopperstatt and significantly lengthened in 2019 – 2022 as a result of the project LIFE+ Wilderness Wachau (lead partner: viadonau, implementation: viadonau). The new sidebranch system Rührsdorf – Rossatz - Schopperstatt has a length of more than 5 km in total. The connection to the main stream of Donau is still working at low water level. The sidebranch system now is an important spawning area and habitat for rheophilic fish species which are typical to the Danube. The sidebranch system and the alluvial forest enclosed by it continue to serve as flood area.

The Revitalized oxbow Aggsbach has silted up after a few years. Municipality Schönbühel- Aggsbach therefore initiated a new project in 2013/2014 (Strukturierung Altarm Aggsbach) to further expand the oxbow lake and make it available as a spawning habitat for stagnophilous fish species. The funktion as water reservoir has been restored.

The creation of flat gravel banks and gravel islands as part of the maintenance of the Danube navigation channel has been continued since "LIFE Nature Wachau" was implemented until year 2022 (implementation: viadonau). Currently, new official permits must be obtained in order to be able to continue the work in the future.

Today, the project is still relevant and working; project was (and still is) continuously expanded through follow-up activities. The ecological goals in the Wachau could / can only be achieved through the sum of several implemented projects and ongoing maintenance activities.