Completed

The national Landscape Revitalisation and Integrated River Basin Management Program (2010) aimed to curb ecosystem degradation and flood/drought risk by retaining rain where it falls, especially in damaged parts of the landscape. It deployed many small water-retention elements across 488 municipalities, restoring landscape storage via basins, ponds and similar measures. Early phases created ~7,700 seasonal jobs with about €43 million invested; the programme was adopted by Government Resolution 744/2010.
Following a change of government in 2012, the national programme was wound down; only ~4% of planned funds were disbursed and monitoring was not established in time. Yet many structures remained in place. In the Košice region alone, ~250,000 m³ of green/retention works were completed in 2010–2012, and the approach continues there under a region-wide Restoration Programme approved in 2021 with a 2021–2030 horizon. The Ministry of Agriculture is also preparing a ‘Climate Fund for Soil’ to support such measures.

The restoration of the Kuresoo bog aimed to re-establish the natural water regime and typical bog vegetation in a severely drained area within Soomaa National Park, Estonia. Restoration was implemented on a pilot area of approximately 60 ha, where ditches were blocked with peat dams, brushwood and plastic piling. The area had been drained in the 1950s for peat extraction and forestry, resulting in significant degradation of the bog ecosystem.

Monitoring indicates that water levels have been successfully raised, resulting in the development of typical bog vegetation such as sparse pine cover and Sphagnum moss. These changes help reduce carbon emissions from the formerly degraded peat soil and support biodiversity conservation.

Recent sources confirm that over 1,000 dams were built across ~3,000 ha of degraded peatlands at Kuresoo as part of broader national efforts under the LIFE Mires Estonia project (2015–2021). Restoration planning employed drone-based LiDAR surveys and hydrological modelling, while fieldwork included local volunteers and national institutions. Long-term monitoring confirms a stable rise in water levels, recovery of bog vegetation, and return of protected bird species. Some initial restoration structures required corrective work to improve hydrological effectiveness.

As of 2023, the Kuresoo bog restoration is recognized as a national best practice example and has contributed significantly to Estonia’s peatland restoration targets, particularly within Natura 2000 habitats. The site continues to be managed by RMK, with ecological monitoring by the University of Tartu and ELF.

Leidsche Rijn is no longer only “under development”: the VINEX new town has largely been delivered (c. 1997–2025; ~30,000 homes). The original ambition was to retain stormwater on site, minimise imports of poor-quality water, and use extensive SuDS. It has been realised as a near-closed urban water system. Rainwater is stored and infiltrated via wadis/bioswales, canals and ponds; the Haarrijnseplas functions as the seasonal buffer and as a public bathing lake. The system is actively managed by water authority HDSR through circulation and level control with large pumping stations (e.g., Vleuterweide and Terwijde; Vleuterweide’s two pumps move ~107 m³/min). Utrecht has tightened rainwater policy, prioritising reuse → retention/infiltration → discharge and incentivising disconnection from sewers. Routine monitoring now covers wadi performance (annual coring for 10–15 pollutants and renewal of the top layer when saturated); vertical sand/reed filters are used to polish water before inflow to Haarrijnseplas. Recreation and ecology remain integral, with recent seasons reporting good bathing-water status.

The Lippenbroek project, launched in 2006 in Hamme (Belgium) as part of the Sigma Plan, implements an innovative sponge measure that combines flood protection with ecological restoration through a Controlled Reduced Tide (CRT) system. Established on a former 10-hectare polder, the site receives tidal water through regulated culverts, recreating an intertidal environment favorable to freshwater wetland habitats. The objectives were to store floodwaters, restore estuarine habitats, and test the CRT concept for future applications. The results have been highly positive: improved water quality, rapid vegetation development, increased biodiversity, and natural morphological evolution. The site’s success makes it a model for estuarine restoration in the Scheldt estuary.
In 2025, it remains very relevant as a demonstrator site, and still is a research area.

The 75 km-long Vezouze river regulary overflows, leading to increasingly violent floods especially in the urbanized sector of Lunéville, worsen by the degradation of the natural river bed upstream. After the violent 1983, 1998 and 2004 floods, the local municipalities launched restoration work to reduce the impacts of future floods. It involved widening parts of the riverbed by leveling a levee on the left bank. Two one-meter-wide flood channels were excavated over six hectares, creating 60,000 m³ of cleared material. Wetland habitats like ponds and side channels were established, with trees and helophytes planted.

Gerai (Balta Geraiului), a Danube floodplain between Gârcov and Islaz, was restored under the LIFE+ “Green Borders” project. Works completed in 2011 reinstated the hydrological regime on about 1,000 ha to secure breeding water levels and open-water patches for Ferruginous Duck (Aythya nyroca) and Pygmy Cormorant (Microcarbo pygmaeus). Since then, the area has gained stronger protection and outreach: on 13 June 2012 it was designated as part of the Olt–Danube Confluence Ramsar Site (46,623 ha), and in June 2013 WWF, APM Olt and local communities opened a visitor observation point at Gerai. Governance has also been updated: in May 2023 Romania approved the official management plan for the Natura 2000 sites ROSPA0024 “Olt–Danube Confluence” and ROSCI0044 “Corabia–Turnu Măgurele”, which cover the Gerai area. Recent pressures include recurring reed/grass fires; in August 2022, over 600 ha around Islaz in the “Teleorman Delta”, including Balta Geraiului, burned. Overall, the project’s hydrological reconnection and bird-habitat aims remain relevant, now framed by Ramsar and Natura 2000 planning, while fire management is an ongoing challenge.

Restoration of the length of the Borova stream, increased by 6.3 km a shallow meandering stream bed, where sections of speedily running water alternated with sections of a slow stream were created, financed by the Ministry of Environment of Czech Republic.
Today this project is still relevant and effective, although it would need reconstruction in places.

Ecological flooding has been implemented in a polder area near Altenheim, Germany, as part of the Integrated Rhine Programme (IRP). Covering approximately 520 hectares, the Altenheim polders serve a dual function: ecological enhancement and flood retention, with a capacity of up to 17.6 million m³. Since 2001, controlled ecological flooding is triggered when the Rhine’s flow exceeds 1550 m³/s, with infrastructure allowing flows up to 80 m³/s. This approach has significantly improved biodiversity, groundwater dynamics, and habitat conditions.

The project also created recreational opportunities and enhanced landscape connectivity. However, challenges arose related to forest adaptation (notably shifts in tree species), mosquito proliferation, and groundwater level management. In response, new measures were introduced—including permanent swing barriers (installed in 2021) to protect wildlife during floods, and coordinated post-flood clean-ups involving local authorities and forestry services.

Recent evaluations confirm ongoing positive ecological effects, including increased amphibian, fish, and mammal presence. Regular maintenance and monitoring are coordinated by the Regional Council (Regierungspräsidium Freiburg), ensuring the multifunctional goals of flood protection, ecological restoration, and local engagement are maintained.

Along the Ill between Colmar and Strasbourg, a basin-wide programme combines classical flood protection (dykes, optimisation/automation of barrages) with NWRM (riparian forest restoration, oxbow reconnections, stream re-naturalisation) to lower flood peaks, increase storage, curb erosion and enhance biodiversity. Initiated by the former Alsace Region, delivery today is ensured by the mixed association now called “Rivières de Haute-Alsace” (created in 2017; name adopted in 2020). The 2014–2024 Ill management scheme (~€19 m) included major works at Erstein’s Steinsau barrage: full refurbishment with a fish pass equipped for video-counting and six fish-friendly Archimedean screws for hydropower; Steinsau and nearby Boeschey are presented locally as multi-functional (flood safety, ecology, leisure, energy). The strategic framework continues in cycle-2 planning: the 2022–2027 Flood Risk Management Plan for Rhin-Meuse keeps priority on risk reduction, nature-based retention and space for rivers, while the SAGE “Ill–Nappe–Rhin” remains the operational reference (CLE renewed by prefectural order on 16 May 2024). Natura 2000 objectives in the Grand Ried also support reconnection and management of side arms to sustain floodplain habitats and functions.

The Nagyszéksós-tó project aimed to safeguard the natural and recreational functions of the protected lake area by improving retention of 1.2 million m³ of water from excess periods and supplying surplus water from the nearby village’s treatment plant, with extra polishing in a newly created wetland. Other objectives included enhancing groundwater recharge, restoring drainage capacity to avoid prolonged waterlogging of farmland, and providing Mórahalom with improved recreation, cultural and educational opportunities.
Since completion, the site has become a key habitat, supported by buffalo grazing for vegetation management and seasonal hydrological cycles typical of saline lakes. In recent years, summer drying has recurred, seen by conservationists as a natural phenomenon, though it poses challenges for tourism. A major eco-tourism development started in 2024–2025, led by the Kiskunság National Park Directorate and Mórahalom municipality, will deliver a new visitor centre, thematic trails, birdwatching towers and educational facilities, scheduled to open in 2026, aiming to balance habitat protection with sustainable public access.